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CFTE Glossary
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E&D
Elderly and disabled: see "elderly" and "people with disabilities."
E&H
Elderly and handicapped: see "elderly" and "people with disabilities."
Earmark
A federal budgetary term that refers to the specific designation by Congress that part of a more general lump- sum appropriation be used for a particular project; the earmark can be designated as a minimum and/or maximum dollar amount.
Economic Development
The improvement of an area’s employment, production or industrial well being. The availability of public transit can play an important role in economic development.
Ecosystem
The species and natural communities of a specific location interacting with one another and with the physical environment.
EIS
See: “Environmental impact statement”
Elderly
According to the Older Americans Act, people 60 years of age or older. (NCDoT)
Elevated railway
Heavy rail commuter service that travels on tracks which are elevated or bridged through an urban area.
Employment Transportation
Transportation specifically designed to take passengers to and from work or work-related activities.
Empowerment Zone/ Enterprise Community (EZ/EC) Ini
The EZ/EC Initiative was designed to create jobs and business opportunities in economically distressed areas. Communities given EZ/EC status by the federal government receive tax incentives and performance grants and loans to create jobs and expand business opportunities. They also receive support in developing job training, child care, and transportation programs.
Environmental impact statement (EIS)
A comprehensive study of likely environmental impacts resulting from major federally-assisted projects; statements are required by the National Environmental Policy Act, or NEPA.
EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPACT
Energy Policy Act of 1992
Equity
Commitment of money from public or private sources for project finance, with a designated rate of return target.
Equity in federal transit funding
A ratio of appropriated dollars between Sections 9 and 18 (formula funds) to Section 3 (discretionary funds).
Equivalent gallons
Amount of natural gas that contains the same amount of energy as one gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel.
Ethanol
Otherwise known as ethyl alcohol, alcohol or grain spirit. A clear, colorless, flammable oxygenated hydrocarbon. In transportation, ethanol is used as a vehicle fuel by itself (E100), blended with gasoline (E85) or as a gasoline octane enhancer and oxygenate (10 percent concentration).
EV
Electric vehicle
Exaction
An exaction is a type of tax that requires developers to contribute land, facilities, or funding for certain types of public facilities that may serve more than the developer's project or be located off site. Recent Supreme Court decisions (Dolan v. Tigard, Nollan v. California Coastal Commission) have made many municipalities reluctant to impose exactions, for fear of being sued under the 14th Amendment "takings" clause. There must be an appropriate connection between the requirement for the exaction and the cited public objective for the exaction.
Exclusive right-of-way
A highway or other facility that only can be used by buses or other transit vehicles.
Executive Order 12372
A presidential directive that furnishes guidance to federal agencies for cooperation with state and local governments in the evaluation, review and coordination of federal assistance programs and projects.
Executive Order 12893
An executive order issued by President Clinton in January 1994, establishing infrastructure investment as a priority for the Administration and directing federal agencies to establish programs for more effective capital investment from current federal funds.
Express bus
Bus operating part of the route without stops or with a limited number of stops.
Express bus service
Bus service that operates directly between an origin and a destination with few or no stops along the route.
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